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Easing
Into Extended Technique:
Volumes.3 Multiphonics
by composer/flutist Linda L. Holland
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A multiphonic is
the simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches. In this way it is
similar to a chord played on the piano or guitar, or to a double or
triple stop played on a bowed string instrument. While the flute is
generally considered a monophonic instrument (an instrument that produces
only one tone a time), the flute is actually capable of producing
multiphonics.
Because of the way they are produced, multiphonics played on the flute
can sound different from chords or double stops—often there
is noise present in the sound, and many times the individual pitches
of a multiphonic do not sound with equal intensity. Most multiphonics
that can be played on the flute require a special fingering and a
uniquely focused air stream.
Practicing multiphonics enhances the flutist’s ability to control
the embouchure and air stream. Each multiphonic presents a different
challenge for the player; some can only be played with a small aperture
and narrowly focused air stream, others require a very loose embouchure.
Some multiphonics require a well-supported but slow air velocity,
others must be overblown. Through the practice of multiphonics the
flutist will develop increased embouchure flexibility and greater
control over tone production and diaphragm support.
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1) A chart of
multiphonic fingerings.
2) Suggestions for practicing multiphonics and learning the
pieces.
3) Gavotte by F.J. Gossec, arranged to incorporate several multiphonics.
4) Brahms’ Cradle Song, a well-known melody set in two
keys in order to explore various multiphonics.
5) Invocation, an original work for solo flute which focuses
on two multiphonics.s. |
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